The founder of analytical psychology. Jung attended the First International Psychoanalysis Congress in Salzburg in April 1908 alongside Sigmund Freud, at the time Freud's closest intellectual ally. The Salzburg congress represents the moment when both men stood together at the movement's public launch, before their definitive break.

The physician whose private garden theatre gave the twelve-year-old Mozart his first operatic premiere. In 1768, Mozart's Bastien und Bastienne received its premiere in Mesmer's Vienna garden. His name entered the language as "to mesmerise."

Revolutionary physician, alchemist, and philosopher who spent his final years in Salzburg and is buried at St. Sebastian's Cemetery. He worked at the salt mines of Bad Durrnberg and practised at a medieval bathhouse on the site that later became the Kajetanerkirche. His grave remains a place of pilgrimage.

The founding father of psychoanalysis. Salzburg holds a specific place in the history of the discipline: in April 1908, the First International Psychoanalysis Congress was held in the city, bringing together Freud, the young Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and the movement's other early figures for the first time. Freud spoke for nearly four hours without notes.

The founder of modern abdominal surgery, who performed the first successful gastrectomy in 1881, and one of Brahms's closest friends. Billroth spent his summers at St. Gilgen on the Wolfgangsee, where the two would play chamber music together by the lake.